Solar access is the non-negotiable foundation of passive building design and photovoltaic energy generation. Before any building is sited, the solar window must be analyzed: what is the path of the sun across the sky from winter solstice (lowest angle) to summer solstice (highest angle), and what obstructions — topographic, vegetative, or built — might shadow key building surfaces or PV arrays?

The winter solstice solar altitude angle at latitude 36° N (Taos) is approximately 30° above the southern horizon. Any obstruction within approximately 60° of south that rises above 30° altitude will cast shadows on south-facing glazing during the critical winter heating season. These shadow-casters must be mapped and taken into account in building siting.

Wind analysis identifies prevailing wind directions and the landforms or vegetation that modify them. In Taos, strong southwest winds in spring create both erosion risk and opportunities for small wind turbines. Cold air drainage from the mountains creates frost pockets in valley floors that affect plant community siting. Prevailing summer breezes from the southeast can be channeled through buildings for natural ventilation.