The existing ecology of a site is both a resource to be understood and a system to be respected. Vegetation communities indicate soil conditions, moisture availability, and microclimate patterns more reliably than any single field test. Learning to read plant communities is one of the most valuable skills a community designer can develop.

In the Taos bioregion, the presence of cottonwood and willow indicates perennial or near-perennial water. Four-wing saltbush indicates deep, well-drained soils. Rabbitbrush indicates disturbed soils with reduced biological activity. Sagebrush-dominated plant communities suggest soils with good structure and moderate moisture. Chamisa (rabbitbrush) dominated sites are often recovering from past disturbance. These indicator species provide a rapid baseline understanding of site conditions.

Wildlife corridors should be identified and mapped before any site planning begins. Communities that preserve and strengthen wildlife movement corridors through their land contribute to regional ecological health and often benefit from the ecological services that wildlife provides — pest control, pollination, soil disturbance that aids plant establishment.