A community’s governing documents form the legal and operational foundation for everything that follows. For most legal structures, these include some combination of:

Articles of Incorporation or Organization: The founding document filed with the state that creates the legal entity.

Bylaws: The rules governing how the organization operates, including meeting procedures, officer roles, and voting processes.

CC&Rs (Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions): For HOA structures, the recorded document that binds all property owners to community standards.

Ground Lease: For CLT structures, the agreement between the land trust and each leaseholder.

Community Agreements: Living documents that describe community culture, expectations, and shared commitments.

Operating Policies: Detailed policies for specific domains (pets, guests, parking, noise, food garden management, etc.)

Governance Document Drafting Principles

Write for the future, not just the founders: Assume the governing documents will be interpreted by people who were not present at their creation.

Provide clear process, not just principles: Beautiful mission statements are insufficient — specify exactly how decisions are made.

Build in amendment processes: All governing documents should include clear procedures for modification.

Separate the constitutional from the operational: Core values and major governance structures belong in founding documents; operational details belong in policies that can be updated easily.

Get legal review: Have an attorney familiar with the relevant legal structure review all governing documents before finalization.